Shakespeares Sonnets :: Sonnet essays

Shakespeares Sonnets Shakespeares sonnets, as poems, have been obscured by the enormous amountof speculation, much of it un scarcelyified, that has grown up around the problemspresented by the dedication. The pastime sonnet is commonly grouped with 125others that are believed to have been written to a much admired young man, whowas Shakespeares junior in both long time and social status. The form in which the poem is written is often referred to as Shakespeareanor English form. As in most of Shakespeares sonnets the argument issue byquatrains. Each quatrain presents an idea in itself. The poet in the firstlyquatrain bewails his own lot in the south contrasts that lot with other mensin the third, idea of his beloved friend, he rises like the lark that singshymns at promised lands gate and in the couplet his happiness is generalized in afinal contrast. In the firstline the poet speaks of himself as being out of luck, and/or money and not wellreceived by his fellow man. He has ta ken to crying near his social ostracismin line two. In an attempt to clarify for himself why he is in such a state he troubles heaven with his bootless or useless cries. But as the poet has madeclear heaven turns a deaf ear and no response is forthcoming. Again he becomesintrospective and curses his fate. This first quatrain has given us an image ofa grown man down and out if you will, who is accepting no responsibility forhis lifes station. By the second quatrain the poet has taken to wishing he were more hopeful.He wants to be more popular with his peers and he desires the literary skill, art, and intellectual prowess, scope, of other men. It is approximately humorous tothink that Shakespeare, at one time, wished to be a better writer. Even thatwhich most delights the poet no longer stays the pain he is feeling. each is not lost, however. The third quatrain offers our poet hope. He isalmost to the point of despising himself when suddenly salvation finds him. Bysome chance he th inks of his love (be that love masculine or female we know not).These thoughts overwhelm him with joy. His whole mood becomes like the lark atbreak of day. In short, he is uplifted. To show just how happy the poet hasbecome he gives us a final contrast in the closing couplet. For thy sweet love remembred such wealth brings That then I scorn to change my state with kings.

Prejudice and Racism in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: HOD Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness

Racism in Heart of Darkness In the novel, Heart of Darkness, the author Joseph Conrad makes some comments, and he uses different wrong to describe people of color that may offend some people. Also the readers can uplift how racialist the Europeans were toward threatenings not only because they were turned into slaves. We can see how the European people search to think the Africans are not equal to them. There are many workouts of discrimination towards woman in this story. Women were looked down and they were considered to be worth less then men, or even not as important. Racism and discrimination are all over in this novel. Joseph Conrad makes some remarks near blacks that are very disturbing and racist. angiotensin converting enzyme example of this is when he says, the thought of their humanity-like yoursUgly (Conrad). This just goes to extract how Conrad was a complete racist. The thought of a black mans humanity being compared to Conrads was just plain ugly to Conrad. T hat is plain and simple racism. Another example is the first time he saw a black man he said, A certain enormous buck nigger encountered in Haiti fixed my conception of blind, furious, unreasoning rage, as manifested in the human animal to the end of my days. Of the nigger I used to dream for years afterwards (Conrad). This remark Conrad made was disturbing and clearly racist because he described the black man as a nigger more then once. The Europeans were racist toward blacks. We can see how the European people seem to think the Africans are not equal to them because their black. For example Conrad says, the thought of their humanity-like yoursUgly (Conrad). This just goes to show that when Conrad is compared to a black man he is discussed because he is racist. One reason we say the Europeans were racist was because they made the blacks be their slaves. The earshot can see the people of color doing work for the white people and that just goes to show that they were racist. Women are discriminated throughout this book. There is not place in this book in which a woman has a job of equality to a man. The audience can see that the men do not treat woman very well or with any respect throughout Heart of Darkness. For example Kurtz had a mistress of some kind and she is described as a savage.

LEGO and the Market for Children’s Building Blocks Essay -- Children T

BackgroundThere exists in some human beings an insatiable draw towards the unique and theunusual, as much a mastery of individuality as the clothes a person wears. This attractionsometimes leads towards the hobby of collecting a set of objects. distributively person has their own recessional of memorabilia, often a set that reminds them of childhood fantasies or other happy times.Because these consumers have specialized needs, wanting with varying hysteria to obtainspecific, rare items to terminated their sets, the collectibles market makes for intriguing study,especially that dominated by LEGOthe market for a collectible childrens toy distinguished byits interlocking bricks.The LEGO Company has make itself a giant in the market for childrens toys during itsexistence and has used that leverage to propel itself successfully into the collectibles market. Thefirm began as a manufacturer of woody toys in Denmark seventy years ago. Sales allowed theDanish company to survive, but not to thrive until it introduced in 1949 miniature ductile blockswith divots and bumps that were aligned such that they could retard into one another, and weredesigned for building structures. With these plastic blocks the company was able to market to allfirst-world countries, from North America to Western Europe, Australia, and Japan. Visualizingsomething and so constructing it, its creators believed, was and is an educational experiencethat encourages lifelong creativity, imagination and learning, according to their press release.Perhaps the very reason that many people now collect LEGOs is that they were indeed captureas children with the infinite dexterity of the blocks.LEGO expanded its product line in the late 1980s by... ...th. By having examined itscompetitors and their successes, one now sees by contrast what LEGO is and is not. To go forwardsetting the market specimen it must maintain its current corporate direction, including repeatedproduct updates and retirements , that was critically scrutinized here and proven to work. Indeed,ask history itself.- 10 -Works CitedAnnual norm Exchange Rates 2001. Spreadsheet. Bank of England. 29 Oct. 2002.Annual Report LEGO Company. Annual Accounts 2001. 2001. .Annual Report MegaBloks Inc. MegaBloks Quarterly Report 2002. 2002..The net LEGO book. New York DK Publishing. 1999.Heller, Richard. (Re) Building Blocks. Forbes. 168.13 (2001) 154.Mand, Adrienne. Bionicle blade Chronicle. Advertising Age. 72.33 (2001) 21. LEGO and the Market for Childrens Building Blocks Essay -- Children T BackgroundThere exists in some human beings an insatiable draw towards the unique and theunusual, as much a statement of individuality as the clothes a person wears. This attractionsometimes leads towards the hobby of collecting a set of objects. Each person has their ownniche of memorabilia, often a set that reminds them of childhood fantasies or other happy times.Because these consumers have specialized needs, wanting with varying fierceness to obtainspecific, rare items to complete their sets, the collectibles market makes for intriguing study,especially that dominated by LEGOthe market for a collectible childrens toy distinguished byits interlocking bricks.The LEGO Company has made itself a giant in the market for childrens toys during itsexistence and has used that leverage to propel itself successfully into the collectibles market. Thefirm began as a manufacturer of wooden toys in Denmark seventy years ago. Sales allowed theDanish company to survive, but not to thrive until it introduced in 1949 miniature plastic blockswith divots and bumps that were aligned such that they could fit into one another, and weredesigned for building structures. With these plastic blocks the company was able to market to allfirst-world countries, from North America to Western Europe, Australia, and Japan. Visualizingsomething and then constructing it, its creators believed, was and is an educational exper iencethat encourages lifelong creativity, imagination and learning, according to their press release.Perhaps the very reason that many people now collect LEGOs is that they were indeed captivatedas children with the infinite capacity of the blocks.LEGO expanded its product line in the late 1980s by... ...th. By having examined itscompetitors and their successes, one now sees by contrast what LEGO is and is not. To continuesetting the market standard it must maintain its current corporate direction, including repeatedproduct updates and retirements, that was critically scrutinized here and proven to work. Indeed,ask history itself.- 10 -Works CitedAnnual Average Exchange Rates 2001. Spreadsheet. Bank of England. 29 Oct. 2002.Annual Report LEGO Company. Annual Accounts 2001. 2001. .Annual Report MegaBloks Inc. MegaBloks Quarterly Report 2002. 2002..The Ultimate LEGO book. New York DK Publishing. 1999.Heller, Richard. (Re) Building Blocks. Forbes. 168.13 (2001) 154.Mand, Adrienne. Bio nicle Web Chronicle. Advertising Age. 72.33 (2001) 21.

Haiku master Essay -- essays papers

Haiku master Matsuo Basho radically redefined the three-line, 17-syllable haiku poetic form from an entertaining pastime in 16th-century Japan to a major literary genre in the 17th century. An early Basho haiku provides an example of his meticulous and sensitive approach in selecting and arranging words and images to produce highly evocative allusions On a defoliated bough In the gathering autumn dusk A solitary crowHaiku emanates from the 31 syllable, five-line tanka (short poem) which was originally arranged in two parts, an opening triplet (hokku) and a couplet. The Haiku form was popularized during the Heian period (794-1185). At that time, it was customary for the educated elite of Japan to engage in writing, singing, and reciting poetry as forms of cultural entertainment. In addition, social impost of the day demanded that the aristocracy of the refined court society display both a sensitivity to nature in their poetic expression and an ability to hash out the poetic c lassics of Japanese and Chinese literature. Tanka, then, could express a wealth ...

Positive Effects of Television Upon Children Essay -- Positive Effects

Positive Effects of Television Upon ChildrenWithout a doubt, boob tube is the central and principal take a shit of communication in many peoples lives. This form is most often exposed to a child who instantly becomes accustomed to its presence. Children are televisions largest audience, as Morris shows, Children aged two to five look at the TV tube on an mean(a) of 28.4 hours a week those between the ages of six and eleven average 23.6 hours a week. Television has played an important role in many childrens lives and its viewing has been a favorite activity for many of them. The effects of television on children have been disputed. Some people have said that viewing time has a negative impact on children. Other people, however, emotional state that the early educational television productions for children help tehm learn.These important questions on the topic of childrens television viewing in its early beginnings continue to be debated in society. The creation of childrens telev ision shows in the 1940s and 1950s offered children pure entertainment and very little smart education. According to Palmer, there were a a few(prenominal) shows that did teach children values and morals, but the true educational television shows for children did not appear until the late 1960s(28). Not only educational shows, but frequent television shows, dialogue, help in increasing a childs vocabulary and in improving he/she speaking skills. Therefore, parents should encourage their children to watch more public television today because public television helps children to read.Television supports indicant, which in turn to improves language ability. Good programming improves reading and can increase thinking. The Himmelweit confirms, Television in the long run encourages children to read books a conclusion that can be reinforced by evidence from libraries, book clubs, and publishing companies (Postman 33). Dr. Hemmelweit stresses this point Book reading comes into its own, no t despite television but because of it(33).Television has as both an entertainer and an educator for children. Neil Postman supports television for its valuable contribution to language development in children, saying, Long before they have learned to read, or for that matter, even begun to master their language, children may accumulate, through television, a fund of noesis that was simply inaccessib... ...ducational television programs in the end came about. These shows succeeded in intellectually educating children while also entertaining them. They have positive affects on children of all races and social status. Those who viewed it gained more knowledge over those who did not. They offered educational and honorable programming that helps in improving a childs vocabulary and by encouraging their reading. These programs also taught children moral values. Because public television teaches children the basic knowledge and the valuable facts of life, parents should encourage thei r children to watch more public television.Works CitedLesser, Gerald S. Children and Television. New York Random House, 1974.Lystad, Mary. 20 Years on Sesame Street. Children Today. 1989 20-22Moody, Kate. Growing up on Television. New York Times Books, 1980.Morris, Norman S. Televisions Child. Boston Little Brown, 1971.Palmer, Edward L. Children in the Cradle of Television. United States of America D.C. Health, 1987.Postman, Neil. Television and the Teaching of English. New York Appleton-Centery-Crofts, 1961.Schneider, Cy. Childrens Television. Chicago NTC business sector Books, 1987.

Positive Effects of Television Upon Children Essay -- Positive Effects

Positive Effects of telly Upon ChildrenWithout a doubt, television is the central and principal form of communication in many plentys lives. This form is most often exposed to a electric razor who instantly becomes accustomed to its presence. Children are televisions largest audience, as Morris shows, Children aged two to five look at the TV tube on an average of 28.4 hours a week those between the ages of six and eleven average 23.6 hours a week. boob tube has played an definitive role in many nipperrens lives and its viewing has been a favorite activity for many of them. The effects of television on children have been disputed. Some people have said that viewing time has a negative impact on children. Other people, however, feel that the early educational television productions for children help tehm learn.These chief(prenominal) questions on the topic of childrens television viewing in its early beginnings continue to be debated in society. The creation of childrens televis ion shows in the mid-forties and 1950s offered children pure entertainment and very little smart education. According to Palmer, there were a few shows that did teach children values and morals, but the true educational television shows for children did not appear until the late 1960s(28). Not only educational shows, but globe television shows, dialogue, help in increasing a childs vocabulary and in improving he/she speaking skills. Therefore, parents should encourage their children to watch more public television today because public television helps children to read.Television supports reading, which in turn to improves language ability. Good programming improves reading and can increase thinking. The Himmelweit confirms, Television in the long run encourages children to read books a expiration that can be reinforced by evidence from libraries, book clubs, and publishing companies (Postman 33). Dr. Hemmelweit stresses this point Book reading comes into its own, not despite telev ision but because of it(33).Television has as both an entertainer and an educator for children. Neil Postman supports television for its valuable contribution to language development in children, saying, Long before they have learned to read, or for that matter, even begun to master their language, children may accumulate, through television, a fund of knowledge that was simply inaccessib... ...ducational television programs finally came about. These shows succeeded in intellectually educating children while also socialise them. They have positive affects on children of all races and social status. Those who viewed it gained more knowledge over those who did not. They offered educational and beneficial programming that helps in improving a childs vocabulary and by encouraging their reading. These programs also taught children moral values. Because public television teaches children the basic knowledge and the valuable facts of life, parents should encourage their children to watch more public television.Works CitedLesser, Gerald S. Children and Television. New York Random House, 1974.Lystad, Mary. 20 Years on Sesame Street. Children Today. 1989 20-22Moody, Kate. Growing up on Television. New York Times Books, 1980.Morris, Norman S. Televisions Child. Boston teeny-weeny Brown, 1971.Palmer, Edward L. Children in the Cradle of Television. United States of America D.C. Health, 1987.Postman, Neil. Television and the Teaching of English. New York Appleton-Centery-Crofts, 1961.Schneider, Cy. Childrens Television. Chicago NTC Business Books, 1987.

Reflection Summary Essay

Collaborate with your Learning Team to discuss the previous weeks objectives.Discuss what you learned, what could be applicable to your body of pull in or personal life, and how your knowledge has increased as a result of what you experienced through the learning activities in the previous week.Submit your team compendious of the banter in a 1-2 page Microsoft Word document.General Questions General General QuestionsManagement Theory and PracticeAll Weeks, Assignments, tidings Questions + Final psychometric test abstain from plagiarizing as the consequences can be extreme. During your college life, you will likely write a lot of papers. Be certain you do not plagiarize the work of others. Your professors be pros at recognizing plagiarized work, so be sure to write your papers on your own.This file MGT 230 Week 3 Reflection Summary contains critique of works during the last 3 weeksCollaborate with your Learning Team to discuss the previous weeks objectives.Discuss what you l earned, what could be applicable to your workplace or personal life, and how your knowledge has increased as a result of what you experienced through the learning activities in the previous week.Submit your team summary of the discussion in a 1-2 page Microsoft Worddocument.General Questions General General QuestionsManagement Theory and PracticeAll Weeks, Assignments, Discussion Questions + Final ExamRefrain from plagiarizing as the consequences can be extreme. During your college life, you will likely write a lot of papers. Be certain you do not plagiarize the work of others. Your professors are pros at recognizing plagiarized work, so be sure to write your papers on your oTo download this material Click this link https//bitly.com/1oJNhBqRefrain from plagiarizing as the consequences can be extreme. During your college life, you will likely write a lot of papers. Be certain you do not plagiarize the work of others. Your professors are pros at recognizing plagiarized work, so be sure to write your papers on your own. General Questions General General QuestionsManagement Theory and PracticeAll Weeks, Assignments, Discussion Questions + Final Exam

Engage in Personal Development in Health, Social Care Essay

Improving lives of all Service User and promote independence. Assisting in task like bathing, toileting, oral hygiene, dressing and etc. personal care. Assisting in shopping, recreation aimed at creating a supportive atmosphere where Service User enkindle achieve maximum independence. Record detail of incident, developments and events occurring a period of employment in the appropriate scans to report verbally to the senior manager on duty. Report and record significant matters in Service User lives in ossification with policy on Access to Records. Advice, encouragement, and control such as prompting an individual to take a bath. set out other duties related to the work of the office and may be required which are consistent with the nature of the job and its level of responsibility it may include cleaning, laundry, food preparation Attend, participate in meetings, attend annual appraisal of progress with line manager.Maintain personal development to meet the changing demands o f the job, participate in appropriate training activities. Undertake Health and Safety duties commensurate with the post, e.g. when provided PPE must be use when performing duties. 2.1 Explain the expectations about witness work role as expressed in relevant standards. Expectations about my own work is to have gain or gain competence, to demonstrate the skills and knowledge required in accordance to Standards e.g. National occupational Standards, Skill For Care UK.2.2 Demonstrate the superpower to reflect on practice.The ability to reflect on my practice is I will be able to pick out mystrengths and weaknesses using reflective assessment e.g. questions what went well, what did non go well, what I do, need to be done , seeking alternative methods, reflect on what I do the way I do better and what I need to do better. 2.3 Describe how own values, belief system and experiences may affect working practice. I have to identify and understand my own values and views however the profes sional affinityship I develop with people I support, are another matter, I am required to provide the same quality of care regardless of race, beliefs, sexuality, culture, not just for those who share same values and beliefs I have. 3.1 Evaluate own knowledge, performance and understanding against relevant standards. This is looking at my progress, development and education to de boundine what has betterd and what areas still need improvement. Using my personal checklist can be use to evaluate my practiceHow do I approach my work?Was my approach positive?Are there any areas in which I could improve?Which was the worst aspect of work I did?Are there any areas in which I could improve?3.2 Demonstrate the ability to reflect on practice.The ability to reflect on practice is to I will be to improve my practice skills and knowledge by thinking about what I am doing. It can also involve thinking about wider issues perhaps realising that there are areas where I need to learn more and new skills that I have not yet substantial, using feedback from line manager, mentor, colleagues. 4.1 Identify sources of support for planning and reviewing own development Source of support for planning and reviewing own development include testis support network, supervision, teacher, manager local authority, training providers, awarding organization further and higher education institution. 4.2 Demonstrate how to work with others to review and prioritise own learning needs, professional interests and development oppurtunities. To work with others, to review and to review and priorities own learning needs, professional interest and development opportunity by performance review, or supervision done by supervisor or line manager, it gives me the opportunity to know the feedback of my performance and practice I may need to improve and areas in which I have demonstrated strength, development opportunities like formaltraining e.g.Epilepsy training, in house training , e.g. Manual Handlin g, Shadowing doing shown by more experienced colleagues working, discussing issues as a team or group, following information on the interest, making use of learning resource centres asking question and holding professional watchword with colleagues and manager. 4.3 Demonstrate how to work with others to agree own personal development plan. Agreeing on my personal development plans with others is updated when I take part in training and development, my record of participation, plans that I worked out with my supervisors using time scale. A personal journal development data to meet my own goals.Evaluate how learning activities have affected practice. Feedback from others has developed my knowledge, skills, and understanding.It can be positive and negative, I am able to accept constructive criticism , it helps me to improves and identify which and what duties I didnt do well. Demonstrate how reflective practice has led to improved ways of working. Reflective practice has led to improv e ways of my working in such a way that it nonplus me realize new ideas, and make new sense of practice issues, it makes me think about situations and learning from what I discovered. Show how to record progress in relation to personal development. This is my regular personal development plan Goals Development needed/achievement Short term Single Training Epilepsy Training Medium term First Aid and Emergency Training Long term Gaining Diploma and NVQ

Education Insurance Awareness Essay

An Overview In 1965, Yarri proposed the use of breeding redress to insure against tonetime uncertainty resulting for the mortality risk of individuals. Premature final stage of a family head derriere bring serious monetary consequences for the surviving family members because the family heads earnings argon lost forever release unfulfilled financial obligations, such as dependents to support, children to educate, and a mortgage to re redeem. Life indemnification allows individuals and families to share the risk of wrong death with m whatever others and to alleviate the financial loss from the premature death of the rimary wage earner (Garman & Forgue, 2006). The barter for of life policy is one of the most important purchasing decisions for individuals and families (Anderson & Nevin, 1975) and it is a critical component of a long-run financial plan (Devaney & Keaton, 1994). 2). Introduction to Child Education Insurance Policy A child education policy is a life indemnity ingathering specially designed as a savings tool to provide an amount of money when a child reaches the age for entry into college normally 18 socio-economic classs old and above.The monetary resource can be utilised to partly meet a childs higher education expenses. Also, if purchaser opts for a payor benefit rider, an education policy provides the assurance that, in the event of an untimely demise of the parents or legal withstander, the child will vex access to property to help finance his or her education expenses. Under a child education policy, the child is the life assured, while the parent or legal guardian is the policy owner. 3). Types of child education policies available in life insurance market. There are two main tokensetters cases, i. . an endowment or investing-linked policy. The difference between the two lies in the structure as well as the nature of investments. 3. 1) Endowment policy is an endowment policy combines a savings component with security syste m coverage. Endowment policy may be either participating or non-participating. As the name implies, non-participating policy do not participate in the life insurance funds profits but all insurance benefits are fully guaranteed. On the other hand, for participating policy, a portion of insurance benefits are guaranteed.However, the ultimate amount of benefits at maturity is not guaranteed as these depend on the performance of the insurance companys participating life insurance fund. 3. 2) Investment-linked policy is an investment-linked policy combines the elements of investment and protection based on your requirement as the policy owner. It offers flexibility as you are able to add-on or top-up your monthly premium contribution as your income improves. If you wish to be more aggressive with the instruments of investment, an investment-linked policy will in addition allow you to choose the types of funds your money will be invested in.However, like any other similar investment, th ere are higher risks involved and there are no guarantees on the returns, which may be higher or lower than projected. 4). Research Background An increasing trend of education expenses to enter college or university at present, a lot of parents using financial sources such as Employee Providence Fund or rely on borrowing from Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Negara to afford the study expenses of their son after leaving secondhand school for a higher level of study.As an alternative source of financial protection against high education expenses, parents can purchase an education insurance starting from their children young age. Compare with withdrawal of lump sum of money from EPF (Employee Providence Fund) or make borrowing from PTPTN (Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Negara), a parents just need to pay for a small amount of premium and parents as a payer can be covered by insurance in case death or total permanent disablement occurred by paying for an tautological insura nce rider in the particular education insurance policy.Therefore, this research carried discover to examine the level of awareness among parents in Sibu Region towards education insurance provide by insurance companies in Malaysia. This thesis aims to examine both the type and amount of life insurance purchased by households.To this end, comprehensive models of households demand for life insurance were developed, which included demographic variables (age, education, employment status, health status, number of children, marital status, and race), economic and assets variables (income, homeownership, debts, as well as portfolio elements such as liquid assets, certificates of deposit, mutual funds, bonds, stocks, individual retirement accounts, annuities, other miscellaneous financial assets, and nonfinancial assets), and psychographic variables (attitude toward risk, attitude toward leaving a bequest, and ones pass judgment life expectancy).The effects of these factors on either te rm or cash value life insurance purchased by households were examined separately. Research Objective General objective To examine the parents awareness towards education insurance. Specific Objective 1). To investigate whether parents had purchase education insurance or not for their children at their young age. 2). To identify from which channel of information that made parents aware of education insurance. 3). To identify whether insurance industry playing an legal role in promoting education insurance in life insurance market. ). To examine parents interest towards education insurance products administered by insurance company in insurance market. 5). The main purpose of this study is to examine whether demographic factors influence the purchase of education insurance among parents in Sibu Region. Research question 1). Do you subsist there is education insurance product in insurance market? 2). Had you purchased any education insurance from any insurance company for your childr en? 3). Had any insurance agent approach or introduce and give explanation to you regarding education insurance? 4).Are you willing to purchase any education insurance for your children? 5). what type sources of information you needed to enhance the knowledge regarding education insurance? Problem statement Financing childs education is one of the major investments that any wise parent is prepared to undertake. A sound university education is not only among the basic requirements to establish a good career it can also form the foundation of your childs intellectual maturity for life. We all start learning since birth and the brief period of academic education in our lives represents another landmark in a life-long learning process.But given the high cost of education and the competition to enter well-known universities, it is necessary to have an investment plan to fund our childrens brief sting of three to four years in university. With the limited places available in local univers ities, some Malaysian students have wisely invested in university education abroad. Faced with the rising costs of overseas university education, how can parents save and invest to finance the tuition fees, allow alone the living costs.The depegging of the ringgit from the U. S. dollar last year is a welcome move for many Malaysian parents because under the flexible deepen rate system, the ringgit is apparent to appreciate over the long term. This will help Malaysians reduce the cost of overseas education in popular countries such as the U. K. , U. S. and Australia (Charles Goh, www. fimm. com. my/pdf/investor/articles/09). One of the biggest worries for parents nowadays is how to fund their childrens education, which does not come cheap.In addition, as with boththing else, education expenses, is it in foreign and local colleges/universities, private primary and secondary schools are expected to trend upwards in future (Elaine Ang, http//thestar. com. my/ September 18, 2010). T he trend is upwards as far as education costs are concerned. In predicting the future, we can only use assumptions such as cost and inflation factors in child education planning. The general increase for local studies is about 3% per year and foreign about 5% and this applies to a general business degree of three years (Mike Lee, CTLA Financial Planners Sdn Bhd managing director, 2010).An average increase of between 5% to 7% annually in education costs for studies locally and in countries such as Britain, United States, Australia, Canada and Singapore excluding foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Moreover, there are certain years where the increase can be in a lump sum instead of per centage depending on the circumstances. (Matthew Gan, E. T. Education Services Sdn Bhd managing director, 2010). roughly of the common mistakes parents make when saving for their childs education fund are starting too late, saving without investing and not considering foreign exchange fluctuations for those who aim to send their children overseas.It is important to determine what the education costs are in current value and identify a suitable savings and investment vehicle. Some parents dont even have a clue how much education costs (Yap Ming Hui, Whitman Independent Advisors Sdn Bhd managing director, 2010). Save and invest your money as early as possible. Let your money grow with your child, school fees for primary and secondary education range from RM15,000 to RM17,000 per annum with an average 10% increase in fees every two years (Rina Thiagu-Kler, Marketing manager Sri KDU, 2010).Because of less study and difficulties to obtain data regarding education insurance demand in Sibu Region. A brief query conducted with Mr. Ten Kim Loong, Unit Manager of Kumpulan Elite Ten from Etiqa insurance agency on 2nd December 2011 where he indicated that most of the insurance product demanded by household within Sibu region is medical card and personal accident policy, it is because the pr emium affordable by policyholder, moreover among the clients approached did not know what policy to purchase and how much sum insured should be enough for protection need.A discussion session also conducted with Mohamad Faizuli Bin Abd Karim, a financial contriver from Takaful Ikhlas Sdn Bhd reveal that among the prospects that approached by him saying that they are not interested in any of insurance products and they worried the premium payment can become an extra expenses as per we noticed the living standard and price of basic necessity good are very high nowadays. The Breakdown of Schooling Expenditure As shown in Table 2, the average cost of schooling overall was found to be RM1,782 per student per year. The cost in rural areas which averaged RM1,590 was about 22 per cent lower than urban areas.

Napster And Musician Rights

Music copyright is aboutthing that will always be in question. umpteen people believe that medicament is for all to hear and should non be restricted on how we obtain it. Napster is the greatest controersy in the United States at current. Many medical specialtyians and people believe others should have free overture to all medicinal drug. Music is an let oution of feelings and it is an art, And art is something that is there for others to observe whether it is by looking at it with their eyes or listening to it with their ears.We can go into a museum and view a painting freely why should we not be allowed to listen to music freely although it is air over the radio. Unrestricted access to music allows people to more readily know what music they prefer and appeals to them. The program Napster allows people to find music listen to it and find out what artist sings a particular song and listen to it. Then many of those people go out and purchase those CDs which makes property fo r those bands.Free access to music allows knowledge of new bands to become more wide spread and can increase the circulation and popularity of a song and a band. Napster creates an environment that allows people all over America to share their music with others This is no different from someone copying a CD for a friend so they can have it only no one can control that just because Napster it nationwide record companies want to control it.Many recording artist state that they are losing money because of Internet programs such as Napster. This statement made by the band Metallica states the feelings of many recording artist From day one our fight has always been to nurse the rights of artists who chose not to have their music exploited without consent.The courts decision validates this right and confirms that Napster was wrong in taking not only Metallicas music but other artists who do not want to be a part of the Napster system and exploiting it without their approval. We have ne ver objected to the technology, the Internet or the digital statistical distribution of music. All we have ever asked is that artists be able to control how, when and in what form their creativity is distributed through these channels.These are some of the basic rights that Napster has continually refused to accept. Many musical artist feel that they are being cheated because people are not paying to listen to their music. Just like a poem some songs are not meant for the world to hear and Napster puts songs all over America available at the click of a button. Although Napster does offer music to be accessed by anyone it does not censor children from accessing music that contains lyrics not appropriate for them. Altough parents should be responsible for obtaining programs or viewing what their children are accessing online.As a musical artist myself I believe that everyone should have access to all music at no cost but if you want to have that music on such as a CD you should have t o pay for the artist time and effort put into making that CD you wouldnt goto work everyday if you didnt ask paid. Napster also allows people for all over the nation to share and introduce others to new music and who has the right to restrict the freedom and ideas of an individual who is trying to express themselves. Napster is something that will always be in controversy as long as it exist but who will make the final decision.

Asses the view, that working class children underachieve because they are culturally deprived Essay

Middle course boorren eat a higher tendency of achieving much than pupils of the work classify. A few explanations pay attention on the external factors outside school. This includes cultural privation on the job(p) class pupils atomic number 18 portrayed as having a lack of correct attitude, values, language and knowledge for gentilityal success. Whilst material deprivation means that working class pupils are most likely to drive poorer diets, health and housing and their parents are less able to meet the hidden costs of schooling.The middle class fuck off mote cultural capital they have a better advantage of their choices within the marketised education system. There are three main aspects to cultural deprivation. The first is intellectual breeding theorists argue that some(prenominal) working class homes lack things such as books, educational toys and activities which would help to stimulate intellectual development. Douglas (1964) found that pupils of the working class scored lower on a run of ability than those of the middle class.He argued that because working class parents are likely to be less deliverive of their childs intellectual development this has an impact on them. This could then lead to underachievement as it would mean the child is always behind. Secondly, Bernstein (1975) looked at the difference in language betwixt working class and middle class students. He identified that language can be categorised into two types of dialect codes. This highlights the differences between both the working and middle class.The dependant code was typically used by those of the working class. It consisted of a limited vocabulary and is base on use of short, often unfinished, grammatically simple sentences. Their speech is predictable and sometimes consists of single words and hand gestures. The restricted code is context bound so the speaker makes the assumption that the listener shares the same desex of experiences. Then in that locat ion was the elaborated code which is most commonly used by those of the middle class.Vocabulary is a lot more varied and is based on more grammatically complex sentences speech is more varied and communicates abstract ideas. It is also context free so the speaker doesnt pay that the listener shares the same experiences as them, allowing the use of a more descriptive language. This would lead to under achievementbecause the language used in schools and in test papers tend to be in the elaborate code as it is seen as the correct way of speaking and communication, so therefore middle class people are again at an advantage.Finally, attitudes and values, Hyman (1967) argued that values and touchs of the lower class show a self-imposed barrier to educational and career success. Hyman outlined between task and middle-class value systems Members of the working class place a lower value on education.They place less emphasis on conventional education as a means to personal achievement, an d they see less value in continuing school beyond the minimum leaving age. Members of the working-class place a lower value on achieving higher occupational status, In evaluating jobs, they emphasize stability, security and immediate economic benefits and tend to reject the risks and investments knotted in aiming for high-risks occupations. Job horizons tend, therefore, to be limited to a good trade.Compared to their middle-class counterparts, members of the working-class believe there is less opportunity for personal advancement. This belief is probably the basis for the lower value placed on education and high occupational status. Whilst Sugarman (1970) similarly argued that working class subculture has four key elements that make water this barrier to educational achievement Collectivism involves loyalty to the group rather than to emphasis on individual achievement which the school system demands. Immediate rapture emphasizes the enjoyment of pleasures of the moment, rather than sacrifices for future rewards, Will also tend to encourage early school-leaving for the more immediate reward of a wage packet, adult status and freedom from the disciplines of school.Fatalism involves an acceptance of the situation rather than efforts to improve it it will not encourage high achievement in the classroom. Present-time orientation may further crop the motivation for academic achievement, whereas an emphasis on long-term goals and future planning can encourage pupils to remain longer in full-time education by providing a purpose for their stay. Cultural deprivation theorists argue that parents pass on values of their class onto their children. Values of middle class will equip children for success, whilst working class values fail to do so.However Keddie (1973) describes cultural deprivation as a myth and sees it asa victim blaming explanation. She believes that having a culturally deprived background cant be blamed as the reason that certain pupils fail in scho ol. She argues that there is no cultural deprivation but cultural differences failure is due to the disadvantages that are pursued by an education system dominated by middle class values. She believes that schools should recognise and build on strengths, and also challenge teachers anti working class prejudices.Under achievement can also be subjected to material deprivation. This can also be classed as poverty. It is a lack of basic necessities such as adequate diet, housing, clothing or the money to buy these things. Material deprivation theory explains working class under achievement as the result of the lack of such resources. Unlike cultural deprivation theorists, who blame educational failure on the insufficiency of working class subculture, many former(a) sociologists see material deprivation as the main cause of under achievement.Poverty is closely linked to educational under-achievement. Although external factors, such as cultural deprivation, material deprivation and cultu ral capital can play an important part as to why there is class difference in regards to achievement, there are also internal factors that can be put to blame. To label someone is to attach a subject matter or definition to someone.Studies show that teachers often label pupils regardless of ability or attitude, by basing labels on stereo-typed assumptions about their class background, labelling working class pupils negatively and working class pupils positively. This can restrict pupils from achievement as it means teachers will refrain from giving pupils they have labelled negatively from getting the support they need, meaning they do badly at school.The self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it having been made. Integrationists argue that labelling can affect a pupils achievement by creating a self-fulfilling prophecy.When a teacher labels a pupil, they make predictions about their abilities for example, this child will do well The child the n gets set in accordance to this prediction, the pupil then internalises the teachers expectations which becomes part of its self-image. This makes the child become the kindof pupil the teacher perceived them to be. (e.g. if a child is labelled positively, the child will then gain more confidence and try toilsomeer with their work, thus leading them to success).This prevents children from having the potential to do well, rather than working hard to allow them to do their best they allow their teachers opinion of them to hold them back.Marketisation is the final internal factor that portrays class differences of achievement. Schools operate on a wide education system, whose policies affect class differences in achievement. Such policies include marketisation and selection.Marketisation brought in a funding formula that gives the school equal funding for each pupil, exam alliance tables which rank each school according to its exam performance and make no allowance for the level of ability of its pupils, and competition among schools to attract pupils. Marketisation explains why schools are under pressure to do well.Some schools respond to marketisation by creating a traditional image to attract middle class parents this has re-in forced class divisions. Schools have to spend more money on marketing themselves to parents, often at the expense of spending funds on special needs or other important areas.Overall I think it is clear that cultural deprivation plays a huge part in regard to underachievement. Pupils lack help both at home, and at school, meaning they have less chance at doing well. Internal and external factors both work alongside each other set middle class pupils at an advantage in contrast to working class pupils.

Leader member exchange theory Essay

Leader Member Exchange TheoryConsiderable query has shown that leaders can significantly influence individual, group, and organizational consummation (Gerstner & Day, 1997 Judge, Piccolo, & Ilies, 2004 Lowe, Kroeck & Sivasubramaniam, 1996). Different leadership theories articulate a number of mechanisms through which leaders have much(prenominal) influences (Northouse, 1997). An alternative approach to representing leaders influence on individual follower or subordinate effectiveness is through the focus on dyadic familys between leaders and each of their subordinates (Dansereau et al., 1975). LMX, originally called vertical dyadic link advance (VDL), was developed approximately 30 years ago by Dansereau et al. (1975) as a response to average leadership style (ALS), which assumed that leaders maintain similar relationships with all of their employees.LMX broke a delegacy from this conceptualization by highlighting the way leaders differentiate between their subordinates by creat ing in- groups and out-groups. In-group members have high character swops characterized by mutual trust, respect, and obligation (Graen & Uhl-Bien 227), whereas out-group members have low whole step exchanges that have little trust, respect, and obligation. LMX is a dyadic theory that has its roots in character reference theory (Dienesch & Liden, 1986 Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, Snoek, & Rosenthal, 1964) and social exchange theory (Blau, 1964 Cropanzano & Mitchell, 2005). The basic principle of leadermember exchange (LMX) is that leaders develop different types of exchange relationships with their followers and that the quality of these relationships affects classical leader and member attitudes and behaviors (Gerstner & Day, 1997 Liden et al., 1997 Sparrowe & Liden, 1997).LMX suggests that supervisors choose those they like and / or view as strong performers to fill the more important organizational roles. Conversely, the lesser roles are assigned to those subordinates who are less liked or viewed as less capable. Subordinates selected for the more important roles establish close, high-quality LMX relationships with their supervisors, characterized by trust and stimulated digest (Dienesch & Liden, 1986). From these high-quality relationships, subordinates receive several advantages including dress and informal rewards, favor doing, ample access to supervisors, and increased communication (Dienesch & Liden, 1986 Graen &Scandura, 1987 Wayne,Shore, & Liden, 1997). On the other hand, subordinates in low-quality LMX relationships have exchanges with their supervisors that reflect low levels of trust and emotional support and few, if any, benefits outside of the formal employment contract (e.g., Dienesch & Liden, 1986). High-quality leadermember relationships or exchanges are characterized by high levels of trust, fundamental interaction, support, and formal and informal rewards (Dienesch & Liden, 1986).Such relationships include the exchange of material and nonm aterial goods that extend beyond what is specified in the formal job description (Liden et al., 1997 Liden & Graen, 1980). Research on leadermember exchange (LMX) has shown the value of high-quality leadermember relationships in organizations (Graen & Uhl-Bien, 1995 Liden, Sparrowe, & Wayne, 1997). Leaders and followers in these high-LMX relationships a great deal report enhanced levels of satisfaction and effectiveness, as well as mutual influence, more open and honest communication, greater access to resources, and more extra-role behaviors (Gerstner & Day, 1997). Low-quality relationships, in contrast, erupt to put subordinates at a relative disadvantage in terms of job benefits and career progress (Vecchio, 1997). In low-quality relationships, members receive less access to the supervisor, few resources, and more restricted information, potentially leading to dissatisfaction in the job, lower organizational commitment, and employee turnover (Gerstner & Day, 1997).Sparrowe and Liden noted, the quality of the members exchange relationship with the leader, which is based on the degree of emotional support and exchange of valued resources, is pivotal in determining the members fate within the organization (1997, p. 522). In support of the theory, empirical inquiry indeed has demonstrated that LMX has significant influences on outcomes such as task performance, satisfaction, turnover, and organizational commitment (Gerstner & Day, 1997). So much research on LMX has accumulated, with the large majority focusing on outcomes, that a meta-analysis (Gerstner & Day, 1997), three literature reviews (Graen & Uhl-Bien, 1995 Liden, Sparrowe, & Wayne, 1997 Schriesheim, Castro, & Cogliser, 1999), and a new book series (Graen, 2004) have been conducted. All five of these research efforts state that positive organizational and individual outcomes are the primary results of high-quality LMX relationships.These positive outcomes are based on role theory and social exchange theory as subordinates in high quality exchanges receive smash roles, increased communication, high levels of trust, and increased access to the supervisor. Some of these positive outcomes include higher performance ratings, better objective performance, increased commitment. A number of other LMX studies have focused on how leader and member characteristics such as gender (Milner et al., 2007), socio-economic status (Duchon, Green, & Taber, 1986), and age and education (Tsui & OReilly, 1989) may influence the leader-member relationship. In particular, the relationship between gender and LMX has been well documented. Research has shown that supervisors with same-sex subordinates are likely to develop higher quality LMXs than those supervisors of the opposite sex (Milner et al. Wayne, Liden, & Sparrow, 1994). Further, Lee (1999) found that sensed quality of LMX affects subordinates expectations in overall communication patterns with the supervisors depending on their gender. Addi tionally, correlations between subordinates and supervisor rating of LMX were significantly higher for female subordinates of female supervisors than for female subordinates of male supervisors (Varma & Stroh, 2001). LMX theory articulates the development of a work relationship between the supervisor and the subordinate. LMX researchers proposed various forms of this process (Dienesch & Liden, 1986 Graen & Scandura, 1987 Graen & Uhl-Bien, 1995).Graen and Scanduras (1987) role-making model described LMX as comprised of three phases role-taking, role-making, and role routinization. In the role-taking stage, the leader makes a request or assigns a task and evaluates the members behavior and performance to assess the underlying motivation and potential. This phase corresponds to the first step in Dienesch and Lidens (1986) model in which demographic characteristics and personalities may influence the initial interaction between the two parties. Role-making is the continuation of the de velopmental process where the nature of the leadermember relationship becomes more defined. It is at this stage that managers and subordinates begin to cement the relationship (Bauer & Green, 1996). The leader provides an opportunity to the member by assigning an unstructured task. If the member accepts that opportunity, the relationship continues to develop into a high-quality exchange relationship (Liden et al., 1997). The third stage is role routinization.At this point,leader and member develop a common understanding and clear mutual expectations. The behaviors of the leader and member become interlocked (Graen & Scandura, 1987) and the quality of exchange typically remains stable after this phase (Liden et al., 1997). Perspective taking involves the ability to consider and appreciate the perceptions and viewpoints of others and see the world through their eyes. As individuals take the perspectives of others, they understand others behaviors in a way closer to how they understand their own behaviors. As Davis, Conklin, Smith, and Luce (1996) have pointed out, self/target overlap occurs when we take anothers perspective, and the perceived others becomes more self alike. Kuhnert and Lewis suggested that supervisors perspective taking capacity (how many perspectives they are able to hold simultaneously) is manifested in the degree to which their leadership styles are characterized as transactional versus transformational.The authors present that managers who take others perspectives as part of their own perspective (Kegan stage 3) are likely to engage in transactions of higher quality, involving non-concrete rewards such as emotional support, mutual respect, and trust. Managers who are unable to effectively integrate others perspectives into their own (Kegan stage 2), are more likely to have transactions of a lower quality with their subordinates, based on concrete rewards such as pay increases, benefits, or other tangible outcomes. ReferencesGraen, George B. and Uhl-Bien, Mary, Relationship-Based Approach to leading Development of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory of Leadership over 25 Years Applying a Multi-Level Multi-Domain Perspective (1995).Management Department Faculty Publications. piece of music 57.James L. Soldner,Relationships among leader-member exchange, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, gender, and dyadic duration in a rehabilitation organization (2009).Dissertation.Kenneth J. Harris, R. B. (2007). Personality, Leader-Member Exchanges, and Work Outcomes. 92-96. Lunenburg, F. C. (2010). Leader-Member Exchange Theory Another Perspective on the Leadership Process . INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND ADMINISTRATION , 1-3. Moates, K. N. (2007). PERSPECTIVE taking AND LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE. Maslyn, John and Uhl-Bien, Mary, LeaderMember Exchange and Its Dimensions Effects of Self-Effort and Others Effort on Relationship Quality (2001). Management Department Faculty Publications. Paper 17.Mayer D.M. (2004). Are you in or out? A group-level examination of the effects of LMX on justice and customer satisfaction. (Doctoral dissertation) University of Maryland. Remus Ilies, J. D. (n.d.). LeaderMember Exchange and Citizenship Behaviors A Meta-Analysis . journal of applied psychology, 269-271. Terri A.Scandura, E. K. (2009). Trust and Leader Member-Excahnge. Journal of Leadership and organizational studies, 109.

How can Wal-Mart Keep Low Prices

When Sam Walton opened his first store, the five-spot and Dime, he had no idea that he would become a success. He started his first store with one and only(a) vision to keep prices as impression as possible. He knew that by keeping the prices low, his profit would non be as large as his competitors but he excessively knew that he could compensate this by the volume of sales. Soon he was opening new stores in other(a)wise states and its sales reached millions of dollars.At present, Wal-mart is the biggest corporation surpassing its competitors (Jim Hightower) It has all over more than a hundred retail stores all over the world making the Waltons some of the richest people in the world. S. Robson Walton is ranked by Londons loaded List 2001 as the wealthinessiest human on the planet having more than $65 billion surpassing honker Gates. (Jim Hightower) Its present status was however not attained overnight. There were several strategies adopted by Wal-Mart which do it the w orlds largest retailer. The first is the use of technology.Wal-Mart was the first to use the Universal Bar Code system. As the largest retailer, Wal-Mart was able to force manufacturers of products to adopt a common labeling called the bar code. The bar code contains details roughly the product which tells the retailers information such as how many of the give tongue to products agree been sold and how many be still remaining. This system helped improve the way inventories are done in stores. With the bar code system, retail store owners no loner need to hire employees to conduct the inventory and the inventory system is immediately more accurate.Another business strategy adopted by Wal-Mart to keep prices low is its adoption of the collective culture of frugality. The Waltons were very perplexityful near spending their money and they lived a very simple lifestyle. They also demanded frugality from their employees. Frugality is so imbedded in its culture that even the corpo rations headquarters is rigid in Arkansas which is very old and looks dull. The executives of the play along do not ride in contrive limousines and nor do they reside in expensive hotels. Instead, the executives shared bud draw off-hotel rooms with their colleagues. (Caroline Wilbert)The corporate culture of frugality was manifested in the way the wages of their employees are being paid. It is verbalise that the company pays an honest wage of $9. 68 an minute of arc which is definitely not enough for the employees to oppose a decent standard of living. (Gregory Heires) There have been complaints that the said company even compels its employees and managers to work overtime without paying them additional compensation for overtime work. The employees do not have adequate health care insurance and other benefits. Health care insurances are inborn especially for employees who are earning barely enough for their daily living.Even if these employees get sick they will get some hel p from health care providers for their medicine and hospitalization expenses. Research, however, shows that Wal-Marts health insurance covers 44% or approximately 572,000 of its 1. 3 million U. S. workers. In comparison, Wal-Mart rival Brown & Cole Stores insures approximately 96% of its 2,000 eligible workers. Further, Wal-Mart spends an average of $3,500 per employee for health care, 27% less than the retail-industry average of $4,800. (Wal-Mart) Wal-Mart adopted an aggressive policy against labor unions.The role of unions in workplaces is very important. They ensure that the employees are given the wages and benefits which the law gives them. It is said that in North America, Wal-Mart has forestall efforts to create union through aggressive anti-union tactics such as managerial surveillance and pre-emptive closures of stores or departments who choose to unionize. (Wal-Mart) Initially, Wal-Mart advertised the Buy American campaign. However, in order to maintain its low prices, Wa l-Mart had to look for other suppliers which offered products for a lesser price than the suppliers in the United States.Eventually Wal-Mart began looking at other countries for the cheapest tooth root of production. In 1995, Wal-Mart said that 6 percent of its total merchandise was imported. A decade later, experts estimated that Wal-Mart imported about 60 percent of its merchandise. (Caroline Wilbert) Today, Wal-Mart is considered the largest importer of Chinese-made products in the world, buying $10 billion worth of merchandise from several gigabyte Chinese factories. (Jim Hightower) There is, however, a price for the success of this management policy of Wal-Mart.For the company to maintain low prices for its buyers and customers, it has to reduce its expenses in the barest minimum including wages, benefits, working conditions, supplies and products. As a result, Wal-Mart has been criticized worldwide for its business policies by other business organization, religious organiza tion. Among the issues raised against it are a) low wages it pays to its employees, cases of union busting, lack of health care and employee benefits, use of foreign labor, discrimination against women,It bears stressing that the current management policy of Wal-Mart is devastating for the millions of its employees worldwide. Though it may have generated employment, it has also created unemployment insofar as the employees of their competitors are concerned. For its existing employees, their working condition is far from being ideal. The plan of this research project is to prove that it is possible for Wal-Mart to improve the wages and benefits it gives to its employees and at the same time maintain the prices of their products low.The philosophy is clear and definite Wal-Mart can maintain the low prices of its products without hurting its employees. The persons who will be provoke in this research project are not only the employees who will be benefited by the append in their w ages and benefits but also the consumers who desire to ensure that the prices of products in Wal-Mart remain the same. II. I moot that it is possible for Wal-Mart to improve the wages and benefits it gives to its thousands of employees and at the same time maintain the prices of their products low. As proof, I blueprint to use studies made by economists and researchers.One potential secondary source that will prove the said point is the studies conducted by the Economic Policy Institute which is cited in the article of Emily Kaiser entitled US Wal-Mart Could supercharge Pay and Keep Prices Low Study. Researchers have also concluded that if only Wal-Mart would reduce its profit border to about 2. 9%, where it stood in 1997, from the 3. 6% margin it recorded last year that would free up about $2. 3 billion to pay workers without raising prices. (Emily Kaiser) The primary research ray that could be utilise for this research is the examination into the Income Statement of the Wa l-Mart Inc.These are public documents which could be looked into by any citizen. By examining the companys Income Statement, we will be able to find out just how much money the company is earning in a year. If a small portion of these earnings will only be equitably distributed, then the employees will experience an improvement in their living condition. Another primary research tool are Internet sources which shows the extent of the complaints, criticisms and suits against Wal-Mart. By looking into the information from these sources, one can conclude that the wealth and success of Wal-Mart was made at the expense of its employees.

Aqa Psya3 Interventions for Addiction Notes

Interventions for addiction (Key = prejudicious criticism/limitations + = verifying criticism/support Biological noises methadone for heroin Heroin addicts are given Methadone, which gives similar cause but is less addictive. Their dose is slowly increased to build up tolerance, then slowly lessen to wean the addict of it until the addict need neither substance. Some people just switch from creation heroin addicts to Meth addicts Statistics show more than 300 methadone related deaths in the UK in 2007 Methadone consumption is often unsupervised, which has created a black market, where addicts can sell their doses for nevertheless ? 2 Potential medicate treatments for gambling not approved in the UK yet, but there is evidence that SSRIs (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors which increase serotonin= good mood) or Naltrexone (a dopamine receptor antagonist, which reduces the reward of gambling by reducing dopamine) may be effective. Hollander found that gamblers treated with SSRIs showed improvements compared to a control chemical crowd however Hollanders study only had 10 participants a larger, longer study by Blanco et al (32 gamblers over 6 months) showed SSRI was no more effective than a placebo + Kim and Grant showed that naltrexone conduct to diminish in gambling thoughts and behaviours after 6 weeks of treatment Intervention bias of doctors Cohen and Cohen suggest that clinicians dont believe addictions are too difficult to treat, because they only come across them when the addiction is too go on to respond to treatment Psychological interventionsReinforcement Sindelar did a study with addicts on methadone therapy (+ counselling). One group was rewarded every time they tested negative for drugs. By the end, the reward group had 60% more negative urine tests than the control (who werent offered rewards). + Sindelar showed it to be effective at reducing the addictive behaviour BUT Reinforcement doesnt address the underlying problems that caused the addiction in the first place, so as before long as the rewards are removed, addicts may just go back to engaging in the same, or other addictive behaviour again (eg an alcoholic may go back to alcohol, or develop an sassy addiction for sex). The rewards would have to be paid for by the NHS, which is a public service funded by taxes. The ordinary public wouldnt want their taxes being spent on giving addicts rewards CBT CBT helps people change the port they think about their addiction and learn ways of coping effectively. (eg. in gambling addiction, the addict has a cognitive error in believing they can influence the outcome of the game, CBT would correct this wrong idea by showing them that the belief is irrational) + Effective Ladoceur et al randomly allocated 66 morbid gamblers to either a CBT group or waiting list.At the end, 86% of the treatment group were no longer classed as pathological gamblers, and had increased self-efficacy. + ALSO Sylvian et al look ed at treatments that targeted both cognition and behaviour. Pathological gamblers were given cognitive therapy, neighborly skills training and relapse prevention, resulting in improvements which were maintained at a 1yr follow-up. query has tended to show that no mental treatment to be superior, but that they are most effective when combined with pharmacological treatments. commonplace wellness interventions The NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) StudyUS government sponsored interventions such as the NIDA Collaborative cocaine Treatment (CCT) study are designed to intervene in the cycle of drug-related personal and social problems. + The NIDA intervention led to a reduction in cocaine use, and subsequent reductions in related behaviours (eg. unprotected sex, which led to a reduction in HIV transmission) Telephone smoking Quitline Stead et al found that smokers who veritable repeated Quitline counselling telephone calls were 50% more likely to quit than a control who only received brief counselling. Has real-world applications Military personnel deployed overseas often take up, or increase smoking habits. Beckham et al found that combining Quitline services with nicotine replacement therapy was highly effective in treating US soldiery veterans. Prevention of youth gambling Messerlian et al proposed a prevention model based on look into teenage pathological gambling using denormalisation, protection, prevention and harm reduction principles. (eg. programme based on prevention would include early identification of at risk youths, and attempt to avert them from escalating towards pathological gambling. + Public health intervention in gambling is proactive and addresses a potentially devastating social issue. Research shows that problem gambling as a teen can lead to subsequently adverse outcomes, (eg. strain relationships, criminal behaviour, depression and even suicide) so early prevention is essential. (Derevensky and Gupta)

Is space exploration worth the cost?

Editors Note On January 11, the New York Times blog Freakonomics published a lengthy post titled Is quadruplet geographic expedition Worth the Cost? A Freakonomics Quorum. The post featured comments provided by a number of people, including David Livingston, in answer to the suspense. The part attri thated to Dr. Livingston was just a highly-edited version of what he originally submitted to the Times. What follows is the full article that Dr. Livingston submitted on celestial latitude 31 in response to their invitation to answer the question, Is manned property geographic expedition worth(predicate) the cost?why or why non? As the host of a nearly s withal-year-old radio talk show, The Space Show, designed and devoted to furthering position development and manned spot geographic expedition, I hear this question often. It is challenge to answer because I find often that I am left wanting for a conk out response, even from some of the guests and listeners to The Space Sh ow. In general, I do think that collectively we, in the shoes community, do a lousy job of letting people across America know why manned berth geographic expedition is substantial and worth the cost.I would like to represent NASA and those members of Congress most ancillary of the manned space curriculum convincingly let the earthly concern know that the value is there, where the value comes from, and why it is there. But then, I own a long wish list for what I would like to cod our presidential term do, say, and explain regarding this and different issues. In my opinion, the manned space exploration program is absolutely worth the cost. But first, consider the following because understanding the following points is crucial to understanding what manned space exploration affords us in so many an(prenominal) areas1. The money spent on manned space exploration is spent right here on Earth and most of it is spent in the US. We do not yet look at a Bank of the Milky Way, t he First International Bank of Mars, or a Lunar Mutual Savings and Loan. The money that is spent goes to manufacturing, research and development, salaries, earns, insurance companies, doctors, teachers, scientists, students, blue- and white-collar workers, and corporations and businesses both expectant and small. The money disperses throughout the economy in the same ay as money spent on health check research, building houses, or any different activity we engage in with government or even private disbursal. In general, I do think that collectively we, in the space community, do a lousy job of letting people across America know why manned space exploration is important and worth the cost. 2. Whenever we look at government disbursement (or any flattening for that matter), it is important that we understand what is being purchased and whether there is a value for that investment.We should also fill if the value benefits a sign group of people or a special interest, or does i t have the potential to benefit larger-than-life groups, even humanity. Clearly, several(prenominal) roles of public expenditures can be considered investments and they can benefit large groups of people and humanity. So I also look for qualitative factors, much(prenominal) as the ability to inspire differents to do securely work, to go the next step, to push the envelope for the next level of advancements for all our benefit.I also look to detect if the public expenditure can change leads for the break away and, if so, over what period of date. There are several types of public expenditures that can do some of this, but manned space exploration is able to do it all. 3. The space age is 50 years old if we calculate using the launch of Sputnik as the reference point. Manned flight began with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on April 12, 1961, thus manned spaceflight is almost 47 years old.A good portion of our space technology, development, and know-how was developed here on E arth when the two space powers of the time, the USSR and the US, were making treaties to work together in space, prohibit weapons in space, to rescue each others astronauts/cosmonauts if necessary, and to treat celestial bodies in a way that prevented territorial ownership while allowing room for alternative development for all mankind. Mankind worked together to prevent conflict in space and these efforts now have a proven and unparallel track record.Today, we have an International Space Station (ISS) with multiple countries operative together for its completion, support, science, and management. The ISS Station Agreement is a model agreement that works and the two former moth-eaten War enemies are working together to be the best we humans can be. This has always been the content with manned space exploration, as well as with all of space exploration. Did we have competition? Yes. Do we have conflict and tension? No . No other discipline, activity, venture, or multinational eff ort has a track record equal to manned space development.While there may be challenges ahead for our space behavior, so far we are doing fine in space, certainly much crack with each other than we are doing back here on Earth. This is all fine, but how does this translate to manned space exploration being worth the cost to millions of taxpayers when there are other competing and important priorities for a finite add of taxpayer money? Of course, we say that the entire NASA cipher is less than 1% of the entire US budget, but I have found that saying that does not resonate with most people.Still, according to the GPO budget information, the US 2007 budget was close $2. 784 trillion and NASA got a little more than $16 billion. This means all of NASAs spending is marginally more than half of 1% of the total US budget. In contrast, social programs receive close to 98 times the amount of money spent on NASA. Another way of looking at this would be to understand that a 1% reduction in government social expenditures could just more or less double the NASA budget for any given year. When I started this piece, I verbalise I hear this question a lot.So a few years ago, I decided to see what really happened to a public dollar spent on a good space program in comparison to spending that dollar on an entitlement program as well as a revenue-generating infrastructure program. I utilize the school breakfast program for the entitlement program. I chose Hoover Dam for the revenue generating infrastructure program. The space program I chose was the manned program to the Moon consisting of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. Let me briefly summarize what I discovered.All of these programs or other similar programs, if properly managed, can produce benefits in excess to the original invested dollar. There is no set about that a program will be properly managed and this includes a space program. Properly managed implies many things, but I dont think space is any more or less credibly to be well managed than anything else the government does. Not all of our space programs made the short list, as I looked at several public space programs for this study before deciding that our Moon program was the best. A mismanaged space program wastes money, talent, and time just like other programs the government does. I decided to see what really happened to a public dollar spent on a good space program in comparison to spending that dollar on an entitlement program as well as a revenue-generating infrastructure program. What happened to the dollar invested in each of the respective programs? The school breakfast program was successful, increasing the number of kids getting breakfast. However, when funding for this program or this type of program hindrances, as soon as the finishing of the funds goes through the pipeline, the program is over. It has no life past government funding.There was no residual benefit lasting years later on the demise of the program. I was unable to find an inspirational or motivational quality for the program leading to downstream business, economics, science, or other advancement and development. One could make the cutting that kids who benefited from the program went on through school to accomplish great things and I dont mistrust that. I simply could not enumeration it in my research. Hoover Dam was very interesting. This project compensable off its bond cost early, was a study contributor to our winning World War 2, and has been a huge economic factor for development in the western part of the country.Its a major riches builder for the United States. However, Hoover Dam requires overhead and maintenance investment on a continual basis. It needs repairs, updates, modernization, security, and it employs a labor force. Were we to stop investing in Hoover Dam, over time it would lose its effectiveness and cease to be the value to our nation that it is at this time and has been during its history. Its value to us depends on our willingness to maintain, protect, and update it as necessary.Hoover Dam and Lake Mead have given birth to thousands of private businesses, economic harvest-feast for the region, and much more. However, as with the entitlement program above, I could not find an inspirational or motivational prospect to Hoover Dam. Ive not heard anyone say they wanted to be an engineer because of Hoover Dam. Im sure this factor exists to one degree or another, but I could not document it either. What I discovered about our manned lunar program was different. When I did this study, it was 34 years after the last dime had been spent on Apollo, the last of the manned Moon programs.Thirty-four years later, when I would ask guests on The Space Show, students, and people I met who were involved in science, engineering, and space-related fields and businesses about what inspired or motivated them to start a space business or pursue their education, over 80% verbalize they w ere inspired and motivated because of our having gone to the Moon. Businesses were started and are now meeting payrolls, paying taxes, and sustaining economic growth because the crumple was inspired by the early days of the manned space program, often decades after the program terminateThis type of inspiration and motivation seems unique to the manned space program and of late, to some of our robotic space missions. Interestingly, I found the same to be true when I asked the same question to Space Show guests from away the United States. Thirty-four years after all funding had stopped for the Apollo program, investment and wealth building, both for our nation and others, was still going on as a result of our manned space exploration years earlier. This was a standout feature when comparing manned space exploration to other two types of government spending.As for the throw we received on the dollars spent going to the Moon, the results are often controversial and inflated dependi ng on the source. Some specific narrow segments such as medical and other technical foul fields have returns several hundred times the dollars invested. In fact, one bit of research I found said that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) had to refute some of very high returns because at the time they could not do the computer work to determine an effective multiplier with so many variables leading to such high outcomes.Overall, the return was probably more modest, perhaps four to seven dollars returned to the taxpayers for each dollar invested. This return outperformed the other investments as well, though in many ways my project was like trying to compare apples and oranges. However, I can accurately report that manned space exploration has the potential to return to the taxpayer many times the dollars initially spent on the program. Since we spend this money right here, employing our own people to do cutting-edge as well as traditional workforce projects, our people and our nation benefits from the manned space program.This means we build wealth for our nation and our people. Equally important, we inspire millions of school children to do the hard school assignment in math, business, science, engineering, and finance so they can work in space and related scientific and technical fields. This is important to us all as these disciplines are needed to lead us to new and better ways of living right here on Earth, now and in our future. Finally, we must not bequeath the spinoff technologies from our entire space program, but especially from manned exploration, and the fact that the manned space rogram continues to generate wealth and investment long after the program has ceased and its federal funding has been terminated. Its not just about what we learn out there in space, or about ourselves, or how to be a better steward of precious Earth. Its about how we live here on Earth together and what type of future we want for ourselves and children. We have our work cut out for us as we move out front in this new century. We dont seem to get along well with each other here on Earth, but we do quite well in space.Space is our model for all nations. ceremonial how many more nations are talking about and wanting to get into the manned space act. India, Russia, China, Japan, and the European Space Agency, for starters, all want a manned mission to the Moon and it wont stop there. These countries and agencies know that manned space exploration builds wealth for their nation, solves problems and enhances life for their people right here on Earth, and shows us the way for how we can all live together in peace.Manned space exploration is absolutely worth the investment. Its not just about what we learn out there in space, or about ourselves, or how to be a better steward of precious Earth. Its about how we live here on Earth together and what type of future we want for ourselves and children. Manned space exploration is the path to how we b uild a better life for ourselves here on Earth, and how we can give consent and provide inspiration for our youngsters to grow up, do the schoolwork, and accept the challenges that await them to make our world even better.Whatever we spend on manned space exploration is a bargain and our investment will be returned to us many times over, both quantitatively and qualitatively. From my perspective, we are getting this value at a bargain, as if we were all going to the dollar store for an end of the year sale. pic Dr. David Livingston (emailprotected com) is host and founder of The Space Show, the exactly radio talk show dedicated to expanding space commerce, understanding the importance of becoming a space travel culture, and how best to achieve that status.The Space Shows interviews with national and international space business, development, and science leaders are streamed online and podcasted. All programs are available for free download through The Space Show website. Dr. Livi ngston holds a Masters and Doctorate in Business Administration and has nearly 40 years of experience managing and beginning various types of businesses. David is also a business, financial, and marketing consultant and holds a position as an adjunct professor in the Space Studies Department at the University of North Dakota.

Examples of Fallacies

Examples of Fallacies (1 conjure to Authority An deterrent example of appealing to authority can be found in m any(prenominal) television commercials. This fallacy is practiced on television by many companies trying to sell, or gain profit, by using athletes, or well-known figures to advertise their product for them. They do this in narrate to persuade consumers to buy their goods, due to their idols using them even though, many of the famous people arent qualified to endow expert opinions about the product.A commercial that uses this type of fallacy is Bacardi, who advertises tennis player Novak Djokovic saying, Champions Drink Responsibly. (2. ) Appeal to lenity An example of appealing to pity can be found in many classrooms. This is when a duplicitous excuse is given to make sense of an argument, or come to a conclusion, by making us feel sorry enough to make a decision of the pity. A student might use this fallacy if they forgot to do turn in an assignment by saying, Sorry , I Just couldnt do the cookery this weekend, my dog ate the work sheet you handed out. This might get the pity of some teachers, time others will recognize the fallacy, along with making the right decision accordingly, considering that the reason could be true. (3. Appeal to idolatry Appealing to fear is when an authority, usually higher, tries to prevail by coming to conclusions with fear. By doing this they usually disregard which feature is right and Justified. An example of this fallacy can occur in a sport, such as baseball.Parents could be screaming at their children that their pitching, or batting form isnt right, and if they dont change it they will not be any good. However, they completely disregard that everyone is unique, and does things differently. Appeal to Ignorance In this appeal someone is actually asking their opponent to taste them wrong, so f they cant they automatically are wrong. However, it is the Job of the person actually purposing the argument to disp rove the statement.An example of this fallacy is the Loch ness monster. Many people argue that they have seen it, while other say it is pie-eyed that such a thing exists without everyone knowing. There is no way of telling if the monster is actually significant or not, because Just saying it does not exist, isnt a solid enough reason for believing that it does. Examples of Fallacies Appeal to Authority, Pity, Fear, and Ignorance By fballislifenunuOO

Many of the characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’ are lonely Essay

Describe the reasons for their l whizliness and explore the different ways they seek comfort. to a greater extent of the characters in the novel of Mice and Men atomic number 18 lonely because they grew up in an unurturing and hostile environment. The reason for this showcase of electronegative and depressing attitude is due to the Great W both S s overagedieryoeuvert Crash. This tormenting economic break took place at the same time when the novel Of Mice and Men is set, in the year 1929.Families fell away as the men were forced to leave behind their roots, and seek employment on ranches in dictate to bring back stability in their lives agown(prenominal). Relationships were nalways formed on these ranches as no one had any time nor interest in trying to communicate and bond with the other ranch hold or other residents. The only object the ranchers were attracted to was making money and moving on, therefore there was no stability. Tragically, vast amounts of sight committed s uicide, as they could not bear to live their lives recounting all their losses. coincidentally the meaning of the town Soledad is our lady of b areness.Loneliness is a sp version disease, which has the power to make the more or less(prenominal) cheerful people dull and gloomy as they unhorse to feel isolated. There is no institutionalize cure for loneliness therefore no one knows how to flowerpot with it. This is the stage where the effected people begin to split into two distinctive groups depending on each individuals character the two groups ar cognise as introverts and extroverts.The people that are catogrised in the introvert group suffer the most as they keep all their emotions locked up inside, leading in them taking their anger knocked appear(p) on themselves. Whereas the extrovert group has a completely different way of riseing loneliness, they begin to take their anger out on other people in such ways as being aggressive and coquettish to overcome their feeling s. There is a vast comparison betwixt the two groups if you look at it between characters, which are extroverts and introverts, at one extreme you retain Crooks a Negro who is partially crippled, and then you have Curley, a cruel, insensitive extrovert.All humans gather up to be comforted at the time of need as this is the human verify, therefore, it is not surprising that the characters in this novel also require comfort. Some characters mistakable to Crooks need friendship-based relationships so that they can communicate with other people. Other characters alike(p) to George and Lennie have their future trance to look forward to and work towards that is their tar move. The definition of a dream isDream n. Train of thoughts, images, or fancies deviation by dint of mind duringsleep Conscious indulgence of fancy, reverie, thing of dream- handle beauty,charm, goodness, etc.(Taken from the Readers Digest Great encyclopaedic Dictionary, Third Edition)A dream is something you indulge in, to escape momentarily from life. This seems to be the context that can buoy Steinbeck think his characters in Of Mice and Men to dream in. They are all craving for something in the case of George and Lennie, that something is land. All the dreams in this novel are similar to the Great American Dream, which is that you can achieve anything if you have the mind and desire to do it. However, most of the characters who have dreams know that their dreams may never become reality, nevertheless never the less it still provides comfort for them.Crooks is partially crippled, his body was bent over to the left by his crooked gummed label, nonetheless self-dependant Negro, he too is rattling lonely. Crookss personality is quite interesting, as he is very defensive and protective of himselfHe kept his distance and demanded that others kept theirs.Crooks is very cautious about those who approach him, this is as he does not want to be in any more pain than he already is he is f adeptened that someone ordain not only hurt him physically but harm him mentally as well. He is fully aware of his rights, he knows the limitations of what he is allowed to do and what he has not got the right to do.Crooks is lonely as he has not got anyone to talk to due to the colour of his skin, he does not even know how to act around other guys. All he spends his time doing is reading the battered magazines and dirty books which were scattered all around his bunkBooks aint no good, a guy needs somebody to be near himA guy goesnuts if he aint got nobody. Dont make no difference who the guy is, longshes with youLater on in the chapter we realise that all Crooks is hungriness for is companionship, however, it is evident to see that Crooks is a bad communicatorYou got no right to come in my room. This heres my room. Nobody gotany right in here but me.Crooks reacts angrily, his anger is and pride is a defense against the harsh treatment he has been subjected to and experienced f or most of his years in life. He has been held back without any real communication for an exalted amount of time, therefore leading to his language being unwelcoming as it is aggressive and defensive.Loneliness has had a negative effect on Crooks as it has made him verbally aggressive and very protective of what is his and his right. In chapter 4, fundament Steinbeck does a social occasion reverse, instead of a white man tormenting a Negro, a Negro torments a white man, in this case Lennie. Crooks took a lot of pleasure in torturing Lennie the night George went into town, he had pleasure form teasing Lennie by suggesting that George would not bother to return as he reveal off without the presence of LennieI said spose George went into town tonight and you never perceive of him nomoreJust spose that.Crooks enjoys having the power over Lennie, he uses persuasive and manipulative language to prove his stopover, for once in all the time on the ranch he has an return over a white man. This inspires him, Crooks is feeling good at this point he feels self-assured as though he can take on anythingNow you jus get on out, an get out quick. If you dont, Im gonna astthe boss not to ever let you come in the vitamin B no more.Crooks builds up his confidence to such an extent that he forgets his status on the social hierarchy. However, Curleys unite woman coldly reminds Crooks of his unsuccessful position as a black man a coonWell, you keep your place here nigger. I could get you strung up on a treeso easily it aint even funny.This racist statement reminds Crooks of his old self, leading to him call back that he has reduced himself to nothing, he pressed his body against the wall, in shame.Crooks achieves comfort from memory his childhood Crooks came from a background full of love and care for each other, he knows what the honest observe of companionship isI remember when I was a little kid on my old mans chicken ranch. Hadtwo brothers. They were always near me , always there.Crooks past childhood is full of love and love in contrast to Crooks now, an isolated and lonely man who is referred to as a nigger. Crooks is in vast emotional pain as he knows what he is missing out on, however, some people may argue that he is actually quite advantaged as at least he has old memories to refer back to. Crooks also gets comfort from asking to be allowed to join the dream, which George, Lennie and Crooks holdIf you would want a hand to work for nothing- just his keep, why Id comeand lend a hand.Crooks wants things to go back to as he was a child, he wants to revisit the happy days of his life that are now just a vague memory to him. Crooks knows that the only way he can do this is by joining the dream that George, Lennie and Crooks share. However, Crooks soon finds out when George rejects him from sharing the dream that he is destined to be an old isolated Negro.George Milton is one of the main characters in the novel, Of Mice and Men, he is quiet, m odest and creately a good worker. George is considered as one of the fortunate characters in this particular novel, this is as he atleast had a possibility to experience the true value of companionship and un fital value with his best friend Lennie Small. His companionship with Lennie staves of loneliness, as well as giving George a role in life a clear task to look subsequently Lennie. It is evident to see that at the beginning of the novel George feels superior with this role as it stools him a sense of power over LennieGeorge has learnt vastly from his past experiences with Lennie this allows George to have a two-party relationship with Lennie, one that of a best friend, and another that of a parent. George feels a sense of duty and function towards Lennie as a parentDont really seem to be running, though. You never oughta drink waterwhen it aint running, Lennie.However, as the novel progresses George begins to realise what companionship is, we kinda look after each other, now this role simply makes George feel different from the rest of the ranch transfer as it entitles him to a status.Nevertheless, George still get laids that he is still lonely, despite having a companion, it may be more discrete than others may, but he is still lonely. George and Lennie do not interact on an intellectual train Slim describes George as a smart little guy, where as Lennie is described by George as dumb as hell therefore the comparison on their intellect is eminent. At times George thinks he is talking to himself, as Lennie never really responds to his questions. Therefore Lennie can never really understand George emotionally or physically.George seeks comfort by the companionship with Lennie, they both look out for each otherGuys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the worldLennie skint in. But not us Becausebecause I got you to look after me,And you got me to look after you, and thats why.George relies on his companionship with Lennie to get through the unurturing and unfriendly environment of Soledadits a lot nicer to go around with a guy you knowGeorge value and treasures his special relationship with Lennie, he loves him so much that he can even sacrifice him for Lennies own benefit.George also seeks comfort by his simple dream, he wants him and Lennie to have land of their own, and they want to be their own managers and look after each other until they grow oldSome day-were gonna get the jack together and were gonna have alittle house and a couple of dry landwhen it rains in the winter, well justsay the hell with goin to work, and well build up a fire in the outfit andset around it an listen to the rain comin down on the roofGeorges dream, although extremely similar to Lennies, is probably more detailed and complicated. Lennie due to his child-like mentality only thinks as far as tendin the rabbits, whereas George assesses the circumstance by asking himself if they have got enough money, or when will they be abl e to achieve the dream, beforehand accepting the dream to become reality. George had made it perfectly clear that the dream that he and Lennie share will only become successful if they both achieve itI knowed wed never do her. He usta like to hear about it so much I gotto thinking maybe we would.George realised that he just got carried away, he knew from the start that the dream was unattainable all dreams are unattainable in Soledad, as it is such a disturbing environment.Curleys wife is possibly the loneliest of all characters in the novel, Of Mice and Men, passim the beginning of the novel John Steinbeck gives the readers the impression that Curleys wife is a tartShe put her reach behind her back and leaned against the doorframe sothat her body was thrown forwardShe is portrayed as tarty through her provoking appearance and flirtatious actions. John Steinbeck deliberately does not give her a name, she is only known as Curleys wife therefore a possession of Curley. Curleys wi fe has been forced to recognise that her sexuality is the only weapon, the only thing that will ever get her noticedShe had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made upThis is mainly the reason for why she is dressed in a sexually provocative manner passim the novel.Curleys wifes complaints of loneliness are likely to be sincere, yet she presents them in a manipulative manner that reduces any sympathy for the character. Her craving for contact is immense, she is longing for someone to have a conversation with herWhy cant I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awfullylonely.However, it seems that everyone is incapable of having a faithful conversation with her without it including any sexual content. John Steinbeck describes Curleys wife, as so desperate that to experience the true value of a relationship that she would do anything to obtain itIf anyone- a man or a woman- ever gave her a break- treated herlike a person- she would be a slave to that person.Cu rleys wife is ready to carry out any instructions, or meet any demands for anyone that would for once be able to trust her and become her friend, she would do it to such an extent that she would even follow them as if she was enslaved to them.Curleys wife has a different type of dream from George and Lennies instead of having something to call her own, she wants fame, fortune and respectCoulda been in the movies, an had clothes- all of them nice clotheslike they wear. An I coulda sat in them big hotels, an had pitchers tookof meBecause this guy says I was a natural.Curleys wifes dream allows her to escape from her tormenting controlled life and seek comfort from what in her point of view could have happened. Curleys wife is vulnerable, and innocent, she shows her humanity by consoling in Lennie. However, Curleys wife seems to have a deep regret that she did not take up either of the men on their offersIf Id went, I wouldnt be livin like this, you bet.Curleys wifes exposure shows t he most at this point, she is so desperate to get away from her usual lifestyle that she takes the words of a complete stranger to be equivalent of that of a gospelHe says he was gonna put me in the movies. Says I was a natural.Curleys wifes dream was shattered when the letter that she was waiting for never came, coldly she blamed her mother, accusing her of stealing the letter. It is understandable that there never was going to be a letter, the men were just taking advantage of the poor innocent girl.Curleys wife married Curley on impulse her hasty marriage to Curley proves to be a failed attempt to escape from her own spiraling of loneliness, however, it is now that she has come to realise that what she did was immoral she feels more trapped now then she ever didI dont like Curley. He aint a nice fella.Curleys bereavement to satisfy his wife both emotionally and physically is another reason why Curleys wife is so lonely and has so much hatred built up towards him.When Lennie kil ls Curleys wife in Chapter 5, John Steinbeck offers the readers a disturbing image. He describes her with more life and vitality as a form than he did as a living character, her rouged cheeks and reddened lips now after her death give her the appearance of life. In death the meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache for attention have gone from her face. This represents John Steinbecks first concrete praise for Curleys wife he writes for the first time that she appears bewitching and simple, a more commendable character as a corpse than as a living human being, as she is not her manipulative self. Therefore, concluding that in a way, some may say that Curleys wife has achieved her dream as she won her innocence back.Loneliness is a major(ip) theme in the novel Of Mice and Men. It is only the two characters George and Lennie who stave of it by their relationship. However, the disadvantaged characters are the ones who suffer the most, it embitters Candy and Crooks, moreover, it kills Curleys wife. John Steinbeck describes loneliness as part of a human condition in this particular novel, it is something we as humans are born with leading it to be either something we stir up or succumb to all our livesGuys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the worldLennie broke in. But not us Becausebecause I got you to look after me,And you got me to look after you, and thats why.However, throughout the novel John Steinbeck does not offer any answers to get rid of loneliness, it only shows how different characters deal with this problem differently.